Chapter 1Introducing the MunsysQ Sewer User Manual

MunsysQ Sewer is used to capture and maintain gravity, pressure and vacuum sewer networks in QGIS. It does not require GIS expertise: the Sewer menus guide you through each function, and the sewer business rules are applied as you work.

MunsysQ Sewer is one of the MunsysQ applications, alongside MunsysQ Cadastral, Drainage, Roads and Water. All of them work on the same Munsys database as Munsys on AutoCAD.

About this manual

This manual describes the functions of MunsysQ Sewer: how a sewer network is captured, given its elevations, checked, posted to the database and maintained. It assumes that you are familiar with:

• the sewer business rules of your organisation
• the MunsysQ panel, QAD command line and edit cycle, as described in the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual
• common GIS terminology.

What is in this manual

Additional reading material

Before you use this manual, read the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual. It explains the topics that are the same in every application:

• connecting to the Munsys data, through WFS-T or directly to the database
• the MunsysQ panel and the QAD command line
• Munsys objects, tags, lookup values and application settings
• the edit cycle of capture, integrity check and posting, and record locking
• the Object and Tools menus that all applications share.

Conventions in this manual

Finding the information you need

• For the manuals, click Online Help on the MunsysQ panel.
• For help on a dialog box, click its Help button.
• For the latest support options, visit www.openspatial.com.

Chapter 2Getting acquainted with MunsysQ Sewer

About MunsysQ Sewer

MunsysQ Sewer is used to capture and maintain gravity, pressure and vacuum sewer networks. Sewer pipes are laid along cadastral boundaries and are broken where nodes such as manholes, junctions and reducers are inserted. Service connections link the parcels to the network, and sewer basins divide the network into the areas that drain to a purification works or to a primary outfall sewer.

The Sewer menus allow fast and efficient capture and maintenance of the network. The sewer business rules are built into the functions, so that the data is maintained to engineering standards before it is posted to the database.

About sewer objects

• Sewer pipes are laid along cadastral boundaries. There are three kinds:
  • Gravity pipes: street sewers in the road reserve, midblock sewers through the middle of the parcels, and outfall sewers, the bulk pipes.
  • Pressure pipes: pipes in which sewage is pumped against gravity, also called rising mains.
  • Vacuum pipes: pipes in which the flow is driven by an induced vacuum.
• Sewer nodes show where pipes connect or end, for example manholes, junctions, pump stations and end caps. Valves are nodes too.
• Service connections are the first connection from a parcel to the network. They usually meet the pipe at 45 or 90 degrees. The pipe is not broken where a service connection joins it.
• Residential sewers run from the buildings on a parcel to the service connection. They are not part of the network connectivity.
• Sewer basins are polygons that show part of the network up to the purification works, or smaller sections up to the primary outfall sewers.
• Sewer symbols are additional annotation, such as a cleanout or a direction arrow. They are not part of the network.
• Labels show the value of a pipe attribute, such as diameter and material. Notes and dimension arrows add information to plans.

Loading MunsysQ Sewer

Before you start, QGIS must be connected to the Munsys data and the MunsysQ panel must show its menus. Connecting is described in Chapter 3 of the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual.

1. Open the QGIS project that contains the sewer layers.
2. On the MunsysQ panel, select Sewer (SMS) in the Module list. The Sewer menus are displayed in the menu tree.

The MunsysQ Sewer menus

The Sewer functions are grouped in three menus. The Object and Tools menus below them are shared by all applications and are described in the Concepts User Manual.

Munsys on AutoCAD offers many of these functions on toolbars as well. In MunsysQ every function is in the menu tree.

The sewer layers

Each type of sewer object is stored in its own spatial table and shown in QGIS as its own layer. A MunsysQ project normally holds them in a Sewer group in the Layers panel.

MunsysQ finds the layer that a function needs by its spatial table, so you can rename the layers or move them to other groups.

Chapter 3Sewer data in the project

In Munsys on AutoCAD, sewer data is brought into the drawing with the Query menu: the sewer network, sewer basins, residential sewers or the map page grid. In MunsysQ there is no query step. The sewer layers are connected to the database while the project is open, and QGIS reads the objects for the area that you are looking at.

The sewer network

The network is made up of the pipe, node and service connection layers, with the labels, notes and dimensions that belong to them. Keep these layers switched on while you capture or change the network, so that every function can find the objects that it connects to.

Sewer basins and residential sewers

Sewer basins and residential sewers are not part of the network. They are in their own layers, Sewer Basins and Sewer Residential Pipes. Switch them on when you need them.

The map page grid

The Sewer Map Page Grid layer shows the page layout used to locate services by map page number. Switch it on when you need to find a page; it is not part of the network.

Chapter 4Creating sewer data

Capturing sewer data

When you capture a sewer network, start with the cadastral data and the existing sewer objects visible, so that new objects are positioned correctly and nothing is captured twice.

A network is normally captured in this order:

1. Pipes first. Then show the flow direction and check that the pipes run towards the lowest point of the network.
2. Nodes. Manholes give access to gravity pipes; pump stations are placed on pressure pipes; valves are inserted between pipes; vent stacks ventilate the network; vacuum stations and vacuum chambers are placed on vacuum pipes; an end cap closes off the end of a network.
3. Service connections, which link the parcels to the gravity pipes.
4. Elevations of the pipes and nodes, from the long sections.
5. Residential sewers and sewer basins at any time, because they do not affect the network.

When the network is complete, check its integrity and post it to the database.

Sewer capture settings

The Sewer settings are the defaults that the capture and integrity functions use. Default values are set by the GIS administrator; you can change many of them for your current session to speed up capture.

To specify sewer capture settings

1. Choose Capture > Sewer Settings.... The Sewer Settings dialog box shows the current session settings.
2. Select a setting to see its description in the box below the list.
3. To change a value, click it, and then type a new value or choose one from the list.
4. Click OK.

The new values apply to objects that you capture from now on, until you change them again or close QGIS. They do not change objects that already exist.

Capturing sewer pipes

The flow in a sewer pipe is driven by gravity and the downhill slope of the pipe, by positive pressure from pumps, or by negative pressure in a vacuum system. Capture pipes in the direction of flow where you can, and always show and correct the flow direction before posting.

In residential areas, pipes are usually captured at an offset from the cadastral boundaries. Elsewhere they are captured freehand, point by point.

Drawing offset gravity pipes

A gravity pipe is a single straight line between two nodes. You indicate where it runs, then the boundary segment to offset it from.

1. Choose Capture > Draw Offset Pipe > Gravity.
2. Specify an approximate start point and an approximate end point for the pipe.
3. Select the boundary segment to offset the pipe from.
4. At Specify point on side to offset:, click on the side of the boundary where the pipe must lie.
5. Enter the offset distance, or press Enter to accept the Gravity Pipe Default Offset Distance.

Drawing offset pressure and vacuum pipes

Pressure and vacuum pipes can have several segments, so they are traced along a boundary by points or by picking its segments.

By points

1. Choose Capture > Draw Offset Pipe and Pressure or Vacuum.
2. At Specify first point or [Offset segment]:, pick the first point along the boundary, then the next points. Press Enter after the last point.
3. At Specify point on side to offset:, click on the side where the pipe must lie.
4. Enter the offset distance, or press Enter for the default of that kind of pipe.

By selecting segments

1. Choose the function, then type O and press Enter for the Offset segment option.
2. At Select offset segment:, pick a boundary segment, and click on the side for the pipe.
3. At Multiply offset by <1>:, enter a factor for the default offset distance, or press Enter.
4. Continue selecting segments, then answer Done selecting offset segments [Yes/No] <Yes>: with Enter.

Drawing freehand sewer pipes

1. Choose Capture > Draw Freehand Pipe and Gravity, Pressure or Vacuum.
2. Specify the first point, then the next points, by clicking on the map or typing coordinates.
3. Press Enter after the last point.

Freehand gravity pipes are straight lines: each pair of points that you pick creates one pipe, so you can capture a sequence of gravity pipes in one go. Pressure and vacuum pipes are created as one pipe through all the points.

New pipes receive the diameter, material and type from the Sewer settings and are highlighted as pending edits.

Showing and changing flow direction

Capturing sewer nodes

A node is placed either at the end of a pipe or inserted at any point along a pipe, which breaks the pipe there. Placement rules apply to some node types: for example, manholes can only be placed on gravity pipes, while end caps can be placed on gravity, pressure or vacuum pipes.

The node types available at your site are defined in the database and may differ.

Placing endpoint sewer nodes

1. Choose Capture > Place Endpoint Node and the node type, for example Manhole (Public).
2. Select the pipe close to the end where the node must go. The node is placed at that end of the pipe.

Inserting nearest sewer nodes

1. Choose Capture > Insert Nearest Node and the node type.
2. Select the point on the pipe where the node must go. The pipe is broken at that point.

Capturing sewer service connections

Service connections connect the parcels to the gravity pipes. They are placed at 45 or 90 degrees to the pipe, as a single or a double connection, at the end of the pipe or at the nearest point along it. A freehand service connection can take any route. The length and type come from the Sewer settings.

Placing single service connections

1. Choose Capture > Place Single SC and 45 Deg Endpoint, 45 Deg Nearest, 90 Deg Endpoint or 90 Deg Nearest.
2. At Select sewer pipe for service connection:, select the gravity pipe: near its end for an Endpoint connection, or at the point where the connection joins for a Nearest connection.
3. Move the cursor to the side of the pipe where the parcel is and click. The service connection is drawn at the chosen angle with the default length.

Placing double service connections

A double service connection serves the parcels on both sides of a pipe, or two parcels on one side, from one point.

1. Choose Capture > Place Double SC and the angle and position.
2. Select the gravity pipe as for a single connection.
3. Click to place the first branch, then click again to place the second branch.

Placing freehand service connections

Use a freehand service connection when the connection is longer than the default length or does not meet the pipe at 45 or 90 degrees. It receives the default service connection type.

1. Choose Capture > Place Freehand SC.
2. Select the gravity pipe where the service connection starts.
3. Specify the points of the connection, ending inside the parcel, and press Enter.

Attaching sewer elevations

Elevations are entered from the long sections of the design or as-built drawings. Cover and invert elevations are stored on both ends of each pipe, so that drop manholes, where incoming pipes enter higher than the outgoing pipe, are recorded correctly. Nodes store their cover elevation and depth.

The same functions are on the Capture menu, for new objects, and on the Change menu, for existing objects.

To attach or change pipe elevations

1. Choose Capture > Pipe Elevations... or Change > Pipe Elevations....
2. Select the sewer pipe. The Sewer Pipe Information dialog box is displayed.
3. In the Start Info group, enter the Cover Elevation and the Invert Elevation (the bottom of the pipe). The Depth is calculated.
4. In the End Info group, enter the Cover Elevation and Invert Elevation.
5. Check the Length and Gradient in the Detail Info group, which are calculated from the two ends, and click OK.

To attach or change node elevations

1. Choose Capture > Node Elevations... or Change > Node Elevations....
2. Select the sewer node. The Sewer Node Information dialog box shows its current values, if any.
3. Enter the Node Depth (the difference between the cover and the invert of the node) and the Cover Elevation, and click OK.

Capturing sewer basins

Sewer basins are polygons that show the part of the network that drains to a purification works or to a primary outfall sewer. A basin does not affect the network.

1. Choose Capture > Sewer Basin > Draw Basin Boundary.
2. At Specify first point:, pick the first corner of the basin, then the next corners at Specify next point:.
3. Press Enter to close the boundary. It is closed back to the first point.

The basin polygon is created directly, and its tag is placed with the Basin Tag Height from the Sewer settings.

Capturing residential sewers

Residential sewers run from the buildings on a parcel to the service connection. They can be drawn freehand or at an offset from a boundary.

• Capture > Residential Sewer > Draw Freehand Pipe: pick the points of the pipe and press Enter.
• Capture > Residential Sewer > Draw Offset Pipe: the prompts are the same as for offset pressure and vacuum pipes, with the Residential Pipe Default Offset Distance.

Placing sewer annotation

Placing sewer symbols

Sewer symbols, such as a cleanout or a direction arrow, can be placed anywhere and are not part of the network.

1. Choose Capture > Place Sewer Symbol.... The Sewer Symbols dialog box lists the available symbols.
2. Select the symbol and click OK.
3. Specify the insertion point.
4. At Specify rotation angle or [Align to segment] <0>:, type the angle, pick it on the map, or type A and select a segment to align the symbol to.

Placing sewer labels

A sewer label shows the diameter and material of a pipe. Because it reads the pipe's attributes, it shows the new values after the pipe has been changed and posted.

1. Choose Capture > Place Sewer Label and Gravity, Pressure or Vacuum.
2. Select the pipe to label.
3. Specify the insertion point of the label.
4. Enter the label height, or press Enter for the label height setting of that kind of pipe.
5. Specify the angle: type it, pick it on the map, or type A to align the label to a segment.

Placing sewer notes

Notes add information for map production, for example to mark the start of a pressure pipe or a landmark.

1. Choose Capture > Place Sewer Note.
2. Specify the insertion point of the note.
3. Enter the note height, or press Enter for the Note Tag Height setting.
4. Specify the angle: type it, pick it on the map, or type A to align the note to a segment.
5. At Enter note value:, type the text of the note and press Enter.

Placing dimension arrows

A map cannot show a pipe at its true offset from a parcel boundary, so dimension arrows are used to state the offset.

1. Choose Capture > Place Dimension Arrow.
2. At Select first segment for dimension:, select the segment that the arrows must be perpendicular to.
3. At Select second segment for dimension:, select the point on the second segment that the arrows must align to.
4. At Enter distance or [Actual]:, type the distance, press Enter for the default gravity pipe offset distance, or type A to use the measured distance.

Checking sewer integrity

The integrity check validates new and changed objects against the sewer business rules before they are posted. The rules are held in the database and are applied by the Munsys REST service, so they are the same as in Munsys on AutoCAD. The check has two parts:

• Object integrity checks each object on its own: its geometry and its attributes.
• Network integrity checks how the objects fit together into a network: the topology of the geometry and the connectivity recorded in the attributes. Because it depends on the relationships between objects, it also looks at neighbouring objects that you did not change.

To check sewer object integrity

1. Select the sewer objects to check on the map. If nothing is selected, all sewer objects with pending edits are checked.
2. Choose Capture > Data Integrity > Validate Object Integrity....
3. The MunsysQ Integrity message reports how many objects were checked and failed, how many issues were found, and how many integrity markers were written.

To check sewer network integrity

1. Select the part of the network to check, or select nothing to check the objects with pending edits.
2. Choose Capture > Data Integrity > Validate Network Integrity....
3. Read the result in the MunsysQ Integrity message.

Browsing integrity markers

Each problem is marked on the map by a point in the Integrity Errors layer. Capture > Data Integrity > Browse Integrity Markers... zooms to the markers and opens their attribute table, which lists for each marker the rule, the error code and message, the layer and object affected, and a description.

Select a row and use the attribute table's Zoom map to the selected rows button to go to that problem.

Erasing integrity markers

Capture > Data Integrity > Erase Integrity Markers asks for confirmation and then removes all the markers. Markers are a working aid on your computer only and are never posted.

Posting sewer data to the database

New and changed sewer data that has passed the integrity check is posted to the database.

1. Choose Capture > Post to Database.... The Post to Database dialog box lists each sewer layer with pending edits and the number of objects to be inserted, updated and deleted.
2. Check the totals and click Post.
3. The Post to Database Results dialog box shows what was posted, with a status and a message for each layer. Click Close.

Before posting, MunsysQ recalculates the gradient of every changed pipe from its elevations. After posting, the edit highlight is cleared, your locks on the posted objects are released, and the changes are visible to all users. Posting is described in full in the Concepts User Manual.

Chapter 5Maintaining sewer data

Once the pipes and nodes have been placed, they must be joined correctly, with no overlaps or undershoots, and every pipe must have a node at each end. The Change menu provides the functions for this, and for changing elevations and attributes such as pipe diameter, material and type.

When you change an existing object it is locked for you, and the change is a pending edit. Changed objects must pass the integrity check before they are posted.

Changing sewer pipes

To extend a sewer pipe to a boundary

Extends a pipe until it meets a boundary object, for example to form a T-junction during capture.

1. Choose Change > Extend Pipe to Boundary.
2. Select the boundary object that the pipe must extend to.
3. Select the pipe to extend, near the end that must be extended.

To extend a sewer pipe by distance

Extends a pipe by a distance at the end nearest to the point where you select it. A negative distance shortens the pipe.

1. Choose Change > Extend Pipe by Distance.
2. Select the pipe near the end to extend.
3. At Enter distance:, type the distance and press Enter.

To extend a sewer pipe and break another at the intersection

1. Choose Change > Extend and Break Pipe.
2. Select the pipe to be broken.
3. Select the pipe to extend.

To break a sewer pipe

1. Choose Change > Break Pipe.
2. Select the point on the pipe where it must be broken.

The pipe becomes two pipes, as described under Inserting nearest sewer nodes.

To change a sewer pipe

Moves the endpoint of a pipe to a new location.

1. Choose Change > Change Pipe.
2. Select the pipe near the endpoint to move.
3. Specify the new location of the endpoint.

To fillet sewer pipes

Connects two pipes at their projected intersection.

1. Choose Change > Fillet Pipe.
2. Select the first pipe, then the second.

To trim a sewer pipe

1. Choose Change > Trim Pipe.
2. Select the cutting edge, a line that crosses the pipe.
3. Select the part of the pipe that must be cut off.

To join sewer pipes

Joins two pipes into one. The joined pipe keeps the attributes of the first pipe that you select; the second pipe is marked for deletion. If there is a gap between the pipes, it is closed with a straight segment.

1. Choose Change > Join Pipe.
2. Select the first pipe, the one to join to.
3. Select the second pipe close to the end that must be joined.

To change the vertices of a sewer pipe

Changing sewer nodes

Nodes can be moved, rotated and snapped to pipes, valves can be opened and closed, and the type of a node can be changed. These functions are mostly used when the network is cleaned up after capture.

To move a sewer node

1. Choose Change > Move Node.
2. Select the node, then specify its new insertion point.

To rotate a sewer node

1. Choose Change > Rotate Node.
2. Select the node.
3. At Specify rotation angle or [Align to segment] <0>:, type the angle, pick it with two points, or type A and select a segment to align the node to.

To snap a node to the endpoint of a pipe

1. Choose Change > Snap Node to Endpoint.
2. Select the node, then the pipe close to the endpoint that the node must snap to.

To snap a node to a pipe, breaking the pipe

1. Choose Change > Snap Node and Break Pipe.
2. Select the node, then the pipe, then the point where the pipe must be broken. The node is snapped to the break.

To open or close a valve

Changes the status of a valve between open and closed. The symbol changes with the status; the node type does not.

1. Choose Change > Open / Close Valve....
2. Select the valves. The Valve Status dialog box is displayed.
3. Choose the status and click OK.

To change a node type

Changes the type of one or more nodes. The symbol and the NODE_TYPE column are updated to the new type.

1. Choose Change > Change Node Type....
2. Select the nodes and press Enter. The Node Types dialog box is displayed.
3. Select the new type and click OK.

Updating elevations between nodes and pipes

The elevations of a node and of the pipes connected to it are stored separately. The connection between them is the network connectivity, so changing one does not change the other: a node's depth is not updated when the invert of a connected pipe changes, and a pipe's cover elevation is not updated when the node's cover changes. These functions bring them back in line, following the connectivity.

To update pipe elevations from nodes

1. Choose Change > Update Elevations > Node to Pipe.
2. At Select sewer nodes..., select the nodes and press Enter. The command line reports how many pipes were updated.

To update node elevations from pipes

1. Choose Change > Update Elevations > Pipe to Node.
2. At Select sewer pipes..., select the pipes and press Enter. The command line reports how many nodes were updated.

A node's depth is calculated from the start invert elevation of its downstream pipe, not from the end invert of the upstream pipe.

To recalculate pipe gradients

1. Choose Change > Update Elevations > Recalculate Gradients.
2. At Select sewer pipes..., select the pipes and press Enter. The command line reports how many pipes were updated.

The updated objects are pending edits. Check their integrity and post them as for any other change.

Changing sewer attribute data

Editing sewer object attributes

Change > Edit Attributes... shows the attributes of the selected sewer objects of one type, for example gravity pipes, in the columns Attribute, Value and Status. Attributes with a fixed list of values offer the list. Attributes that may not be changed are unavailable.

1. Choose Change > Edit Attributes....
2. Select the objects and press Enter. If they are of different types, choose the type to edit.
3. To give all the selected objects the same value, select Edit multiple objects simultaneously. To edit them one by one, clear it and use the arrow buttons to move between objects; select AutoZoom to object to have the map follow.
4. Change the values and click OK.

The changes are pending edits until they pass the integrity check and are posted. Mandatory attributes must be completed, or the object fails the object integrity check.

Editing linked table attributes

Some information about sewer objects is kept in linked, non-spatial tables. Change > Edit Linked Table Attributes... lets you step through the linked records of an object, change them, and insert or delete records, depending on your privileges. Linked table changes are written to the database directly, so you can only select objects that have already been posted.

Changing pipe diameter, material and type

Changes the diameter, material or type that a pipe was given at capture. Each kind of pipe has its own lists, so choose the menu for gravity, pressure or vacuum pipes.

1. Choose Change > Change Gravity Pipe Attributes, Change Pressure Pipe Attributes or Change Vacuum Pipe Attributes, and Diameter..., Material... or Type....
2. Select the pipes and press Enter. The selection dialog box highlights the current value if you selected one pipe; you can search the list by code or description.
3. Select the new value and click OK.

Changing a service connection type

1. Choose Change > Change SC Type....
2. Select the service connections and press Enter.
3. Select the new type from the list and click OK.

Linking service connections to parcels and buildings

Links service connections to the parcels and buildings that they serve, so that the network can be traced to a property or building.

1. Choose Change > Link Service Connections.
2. Select the service connections and press Enter.

• If the end of a service connection lies inside a parcel, its PRCL_GID column is set to the GID of that parcel.
• If it also lies inside a building, its LINK_ID column is set to the GID of the building.

Changing sewer notes

1. Choose Change > Change Sewer Note....
2. Select the note. The Sewer Note box is displayed.
3. Change the text and click OK.

Adding comments

1. Choose Change > Add Comment....
2. Select the sewer objects. The Sewer Comment box is displayed.
3. Type the comment and click OK. It is stored in the COMMENTS column of each selected object.

Deleting and undeleting sewer objects

Sewer objects that are no longer part of the network are deleted. A deletion is a pending edit: the objects are removed from the database when you post.

To delete sewer objects

1. Choose Change > Delete Sewer Objects.
2. Select the sewer objects and press Enter. Objects that are not sewer objects are left out of the selection.

The objects are marked for deletion and shown in the DELETED group at the top of the Layers panel until you post.

To undelete sewer objects

1. Choose Change > Undelete Sewer Objects. The objects marked for deletion are shown.
2. Select the objects to keep. They are no longer marked for deletion, and any changes made to them before they were deleted are kept.

Restoring a deleted object

Change > Restore Deleted Object brings back an object whose deletion has already been posted, from the archive that the database keeps of deleted objects. See the Concepts User Manual.

Chapter 6Converting drawing entities to sewer objects

Sewer networks often exist as CAD drawings. After a drawing has been brought into QGIS with Import CAD/DWG, or geometry has been drawn on a construction layer, the Extras functions convert it to sewer objects. The procedure for imports and the Object Conversion dialog box are described in the Concepts User Manual.

Some basic attributes are set during conversion. Complete the remaining attributes, and the elevations, afterwards; then check integrity and post as for captured objects.

Converting blocks to sewer symbols

1. Choose Extras > Convert Block to > Sewer Symbol....
2. Select the block references and press Enter.
3. In the Sewer Symbols dialog box, select the symbol and click OK. One sewer symbol is created for each block.

Converting blocks to sewer nodes

1. Choose Extras > Convert Block to and the node type, for example Manhole (Public).
2. Select the block references and press Enter. One node is created for each block.

Converting lines to sewer objects

Lines can be converted to gravity, vacuum or pressure pipes, service connections or residential sewers.

1. Choose Extras > Convert Line to and Gravity Pipe, Vacuum Pipe, Pressure Pipe, Service Connection or Residential Sewer.
2. Select the lines and press Enter.

Converting text to sewer basin tags and notes

1. Choose Extras > Convert Text to and Sewer Basin Tag or Sewer Note.
2. Select the text and press Enter.

Converting polygons to sewer basins

1. Choose Extras > Convert Polygon to > Sewer Basin.
2. Select the polygons and press Enter.

Appendix ASewer menus

This appendix lists the Capture, Change and Extras menus of MunsysQ Sewer. Click a function to go to its description. Menus are stored in the database and can be tailored by an administrator, so the menus at your site may differ.

ReferenceGlossary

Cover elevation

The ground level at a node or at the end of a pipe.

Depth

The difference between the cover elevation and the invert elevation.

Drop manhole

A manhole where an incoming pipe enters higher than the outgoing pipe leaves.

Endpoint node

A node placed at the end of a pipe.

Gradient

The slope of a pipe, calculated from its invert elevations and length.

Gravity pipe

A sewer pipe in which sewage flows downhill under gravity: a street, midblock or outfall sewer.

Invert elevation

The level of the inside bottom of a pipe.

Lineage parent

The pipe that a new pipe was split from, recorded when a pipe is broken.

Nearest node

A node inserted at a point along a pipe, breaking the pipe there.

Pressure pipe (rising main)

A sewer pipe in which sewage is pumped against gravity.

Residential sewer

A pipe from a building to the service connection. Not part of the network connectivity.

Service connection (SC)

The connection between a parcel and the network.

Sewer basin

A polygon showing the part of the network that drains to a purification works or primary outfall sewer.

Vacuum pipe

A sewer pipe in which the flow is driven by an induced vacuum.

For the terms that all applications share, see the glossary of the Concepts User Manual.