Chapter 1Introducing the MunsysQ Drainage User Manual

MunsysQ Drainage is used to capture and maintain stormwater networks in QGIS, together with the rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments that they drain to. It does not require GIS expertise: the Drainage menus guide you through each function, and the drainage business rules are applied as you work.

MunsysQ Drainage is one of the MunsysQ applications, alongside MunsysQ Cadastral, Roads, Sewer and Water. All of them work on the same Munsys database as Munsys on AutoCAD.

About this manual

This manual describes the functions of MunsysQ Drainage: how a stormwater network is captured, given its levels, checked, posted to the database and maintained, and how rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments are captured. It assumes that you are familiar with:

• the drainage business rules of your organisation
• the MunsysQ panel, QAD command line and edit cycle, as described in the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual
• common GIS terminology.

What is in this manual

Additional reading material

Before you use this manual, read the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual. It explains the topics that are the same in every application:

• connecting to the Munsys data, through WFS-T or directly to the database
• the MunsysQ panel and the QAD command line
• Munsys objects, tags, lookup values and application settings
• the edit cycle of capture, integrity check and posting, and record locking
• the Object and Tools menus that all applications share.

Conventions in this manual

In this manual, drainage object means a stormwater pipe, culvert or channel, the line objects that carry the flow. The menus use SC for service connection.

Finding the information you need

• For the manuals, click Online Help on the MunsysQ panel.
• For help on a function, right-click it in the menu tree and choose Help on, or select it and press F1.
• For help on a dialog box, click its Help button.
• For the latest support options, visit www.openspatial.com.

Chapter 2Getting acquainted with MunsysQ Drainage

About MunsysQ Drainage

MunsysQ Drainage is used to capture and maintain stormwater networks. Pipes, culverts and channels are connected by nodes into a converging network: the pipes usually run in the road reserves and grow in diameter as the network develops towards a river, dam or other outlet. Inlets collect the water from the road surface, and service connections link parcels to the network.

Rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments are captured as well. They are not part of the stormwater network, but they show where the network drains to and which areas are at risk of flooding. The drainage business rules are built into the functions, so that the data is maintained to engineering standards before it is posted to the database.

About drainage objects

The stormwater network

• Stormwater pipes carry stormwater underground, usually in the road reserves.
• Culverts are covered channels that carry stormwater below ground level, for example under a road.
• Channels are open waterways that carry stormwater.
• Nodes show where pipes, culverts and channels connect or end.
• Service connections are the connection from a parcel to the network.

The node types available at your site are defined in the database and may differ.

Other drainage objects

• Rivers are captured as lines, or as polygons for wide rivers.
• Floodlines are polygons that show the level to which water may rise on average, for example once in 20 or 50 years.
• Dams are polygons.
• Catchments are polygons that show the area from which rainfall drains into a river, reservoir or dam.
• Stormwater symbols are additional annotation and are not part of the network.
• Labels show attribute values of pipes, culverts and channels. Notes and dimension arrows add information to plans.

Loading MunsysQ Drainage

Before you start, QGIS must be connected to the Munsys data and the MunsysQ panel must show its menus. Connecting is described in Chapter 3 of the MunsysQ Concepts User Manual.

1. Open the QGIS project that contains the drainage layers.
2. On the MunsysQ panel, select Drainage (DMS) in the Module list. The Drainage menus are displayed in the menu tree.

The MunsysQ Drainage menus

The Drainage functions are grouped in three menus. The Object and Tools menus below them are shared by all applications and are described in the Concepts User Manual.

Munsys on AutoCAD offers many of these functions on toolbars as well. In MunsysQ every function is in the menu tree.

The drainage layers

Each type of drainage object is stored in its own spatial table and shown in QGIS as its own layer. A MunsysQ project normally holds them in a Drainage group in the Layers panel.

MunsysQ finds the layer that a function needs by its spatial table, so you can rename the layers or move them to other groups.

Chapter 3Drainage data in the project

In Munsys on AutoCAD, drainage data is brought into the drawing with the Query menu: all drainage objects, the stormwater network, rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments, or the map page grid. In MunsysQ there is no query step. The drainage layers are connected to the database while the project is open, and QGIS reads the objects for the area that you are looking at.

The stormwater network

The network is made up of the pipe, culvert, channel, node and service connection layers, with the labels, notes and dimensions that belong to them. Keep these layers switched on while you capture or change the network, so that every function can find the objects that it connects to.

Rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments

These objects are not part of the network and are in their own layers. Switch them on when you need them.

The map page grid

The Stormwater Map Page Grid layer shows the page layout used to locate services by map page number. Switch it on when you need to find a page; it is not part of the network.

Chapter 4Creating drainage data

Capturing drainage data

When you capture a stormwater network, start with the cadastral data and the existing drainage objects visible, so that new objects are positioned correctly and nothing is captured twice.

A network is normally captured in this order:

1. Pipes, culverts and channels first. Make sure they are broken where they meet. Then show the flow direction and correct it where needed.
2. Nodes: manholes and junctions on the pipes and culverts, kerb and drop inlets in the road reserve, and wingwalls at the inlets and outlets of channels and pipes.
3. Service connections, which link the parcels to the pipes.
4. Levels of the pipes, culverts, channels and nodes, from the long sections.
5. Rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments at any time, because they do not affect the network.

When the network is complete, check its integrity and post it to the database.

Drainage capture settings

The Drainage settings are the defaults that the capture and integrity functions use. Default values are set by the GIS administrator; you can change many of them for your current session to speed up capture.

To specify drainage capture settings

1. Choose Capture > Drainage Settings.... The Drainage Settings dialog box shows the current session settings.
2. Select a setting to see its description in the box below the list.
3. To change a value, click it, and then type a new value or choose one from the list.
4. Click OK.

The new values apply to objects that you capture from now on, until you change them again or close QGIS. They do not change objects that already exist.

Capturing pipes, culverts and channels

In residential areas, pipes, culverts and channels are usually captured at an offset from the cadastral boundaries. Elsewhere they are captured freehand, point by point or by typing coordinates. New objects receive the sizes, material and type from the Drainage settings and are highlighted as pending edits.

Drawing offset stormwater pipes

A stormwater pipe drawn at an offset is a single straight line between two nodes. You indicate where it runs, then the boundary segment to offset it from.

1. Choose Capture > Draw Offset > Pipe.
2. Specify an approximate start point and an approximate end point for the pipe.
3. Select the boundary segment to offset the pipe from.
4. At Specify point on side to offset:, click on the side of the boundary where the pipe must lie.
5. Enter the offset distance, or press Enter for the Stormwater Default Offset Distance.

Drawing offset culverts and channels

Culverts and channels can have several segments, so they are traced along a boundary by points or by picking its segments.

By points

1. Choose Capture > Draw Offset and Culvert or Channel.
2. At Specify first point or [Offset segment]:, pick the first point along the boundary, then the next points. Press Enter after the last point.
3. At Specify point on side to offset:, click on the side where the culvert or channel must lie.
4. Enter the offset distance, or press Enter for the Culvert or Channel Offset Distance.

By selecting segments

1. Choose the function, then type O and press Enter for the Offset segment option.
2. At Select offset segment:, pick a boundary segment, and click on the side for the object.
3. At Multiply offset by <1>:, enter a factor for the default offset distance, or press Enter.
4. Continue selecting segments, then answer Done selecting offset segments [Yes/No] <Yes>: with Enter.

Drawing freehand pipes, culverts and channels

1. Choose Capture > Draw Freehand and Pipe, Culvert or Channel.
2. Specify the first point, then the next points, by clicking on the map or typing coordinates.
3. Press Enter after the last point.

Freehand pipes are straight lines: each pair of points that you pick creates one pipe, so you can capture a sequence of pipes in one go. A culvert or channel is created as one object through all the points.

Showing and changing flow direction

You can construct the network without paying attention to direction, and correct the direction when the network is complete.

Capturing stormwater nodes

A node is placed either at the end of a pipe, culvert or channel, or inserted at any point along one, which breaks the object there. Placement rules apply to some node types: for example, manholes cannot be placed on channels.

Placing endpoint nodes

1. Choose Capture > Place Endpoint Node and the node type, for example Manhole.
2. Select the pipe, culvert or channel close to the end where the node must go. The node is placed at that end.

Inserting nearest nodes

Use this to insert nodes at intervals along a long pipe, culvert or channel, or to add nodes to an existing network.

1. Choose Capture > Insert Nearest Node and Kerb Inlet, Drop Inlet or Manhole.
2. Select the point on the pipe, culvert or channel where the node must go. The object is broken at that point.

Capturing stormwater service connections

Service connections connect the parcels to the stormwater pipes. They are placed at 45 or 90 degrees to the pipe, as a single or a double connection, at the end of the pipe or at the nearest point along it. A freehand service connection can take any route. The length and type come from the Drainage settings.

Placing single service connections

1. Choose Capture > Place Single SC and 45 Deg Endpoint, 45 Deg Nearest, 90 Deg Endpoint or 90 Deg Nearest.
2. At Select stormwater pipe for service connection:, select the pipe: near its end for an Endpoint connection, or at the point where the connection joins for a Nearest connection.
3. Move the cursor to the side of the pipe where the parcel is and click. The service connection is drawn at the chosen angle with the default length.

Placing double service connections

1. Choose Capture > Place Double SC and the angle and position.
2. Select the pipe as for a single connection.
3. Click to place the first branch, then click again to place the second branch.

Placing freehand service connections

Use a freehand service connection when the connection is longer than the default length or does not meet the pipe at 45 or 90 degrees. It receives the default service connection type.

1. Choose Capture > Place Freehand SC.
2. Select the pipe where the service connection starts.
3. Specify the points of the connection, ending inside the parcel, and press Enter.

Capturing levels

Levels are entered from the long sections of the design or as-built drawings. Ground and invert levels are stored on both ends of each pipe, culvert and channel; the depth, length and gradient are calculated from them. Nodes store their depth, ground level and size.

The same functions are on the Capture menu, for new objects, and on the Change menu, for existing objects.

To attach or change pipe, culvert and channel levels

1. Choose Capture > Pipe Levels..., Culvert Levels... or Channel Levels..., or the same function on the Change menu.
2. At Select stormwater pipe: (or culvert or channel), select the object. Its information dialog box is displayed.
3. In the Start Info group, enter the Ground Level and the Invert Level. The Depth is calculated.
4. In the End Info group, enter the Ground Level and Invert Level.
5. Check the Length and Gradient in the Detail Info group, which are calculated from the two ends, and click OK.

If the gradient cannot be calculated from the values that you entered, a message tells you so and the values are not saved.

To attach or change node levels

1. Choose Capture > Node Levels... or Change > Node Levels....
2. Select one stormwater node. The Stormwater Node Information dialog box shows its current values, if any.
3. Enter the Depth, Ground Level, Size 1 (length) and Size 2 (width), and click OK.

Capturing rivers, floodlines, dams and catchments

Rivers can be drawn as lines, freehand or at an offset, or as polygons. Floodlines, dams and catchments are polygons. None of these objects is part of the stormwater network.

Drawing rivers as lines

• Capture > River - Line > Draw Freehand River: pick the points of the river, or type coordinates, and press Enter.
• Capture > River - Line > Draw Offset River: the prompts are the same as for offset culverts and channels.

New rivers receive the River Type from the Drainage settings.

Drawing river, floodline, dam and catchment boundaries

1. Choose Capture > River - Polygon > Draw River Boundary, Capture > Floodline Boundary > Draw Floodline Boundary, Capture > Dam > Draw Dam Boundary or Capture > Catchment > Draw Catchment Boundary.
2. At Specify first point:, pick the first corner, then the next corners at Specify next point:.
3. Press Enter to close the boundary. It is closed back to the first point.

The polygon is created directly, and its tag is placed with the tag height from the Drainage settings. Set the river, floodline or dam type afterwards if it differs from the default; see Changing drainage object attributes.

Generating river and floodline polygons

Builds river or floodline polygons from existing boundary lines and tags, for example after a drawing has been imported and its text converted to tags with Extras > Convert Text to. A polygon is built only where a tag lies inside a closed boundary.

1. Choose Capture > River - Polygon > Generate River Polygons or Capture > Floodline Boundary > Generate Floodline Polygons.
2. At Select objects..., select the lines that form the boundaries and press Enter.
3. At Select tags..., select the tags inside those boundaries and press Enter.

The command line reports any polygons that could not be constructed, for example where a boundary is not closed.

Placing drainage annotation

Placing stormwater symbols

Stormwater symbols can be placed anywhere and are not part of the network.

1. Choose Capture > Place Stormwater Symbol.... The Stormwater Symbols dialog box lists the available symbols.
2. Select the symbol and click OK.
3. Specify the insertion point.
4. At Specify rotation angle or [Align to segment] <0>:, type the angle, pick it on the map, or type A and select a segment to align the symbol to.

Placing drainage labels

A drainage label shows attribute values of the object it belongs to. Because it reads the attributes, it shows the new values after the object has been changed and posted.

1. Choose Capture > Place Drainage Label and Pipe, Culvert or Channel.
2. At Select stormwater pipe for label: (or culvert or channel), select the object.
3. Specify the insertion point of the label.
4. Enter the label height, or press Enter for the label height setting of that kind of object.
5. Specify the angle: type it, pick it on the map, or type A to align the label to a segment.

Placing drainage notes

1. Choose Capture > Place Drainage Note.
2. Specify the insertion point of the note.
3. Enter the note height, or press Enter for the Note Tag Height setting.
4. Specify the angle: type it, pick it on the map, or type A to align the note to a segment.
5. At Enter note value:, type the text of the note and press Enter.

Placing dimension arrows

A map cannot show a pipe at its true offset from a parcel boundary, so dimension arrows are used to state the offset of a pipe, culvert or channel.

1. Choose Capture > Place Dimension Arrow.
2. At Select first segment for dimension:, select the segment that the arrows must be perpendicular to.
3. At Select second segment for dimension:, select the point on the second segment that the arrows must align to.
4. At Enter distance or [Actual]:, type the distance, press Enter for the default pipe offset distance, or type A to use the measured distance.

Checking drainage integrity

The integrity check validates new and changed objects against the drainage business rules before they are posted. The rules are held in the database and are applied by the Munsys REST service, so they are the same as in Munsys on AutoCAD. The check has two parts:

• Object integrity checks each object on its own: its geometry and its attributes.
• Network integrity checks how the pipes, culverts, channels, nodes and service connections fit together: the topology of the geometry and the connectivity recorded in the attributes. It also looks at neighbouring objects that you did not change.

To check drainage object integrity

1. Select the drainage objects to check on the map. If nothing is selected, all drainage objects with pending edits are checked.
2. Choose Capture > Data Integrity > Validate Object Integrity....
3. The MunsysQ Integrity message reports how many objects were checked and failed, how many issues were found, and how many integrity markers were written.

To check drainage network integrity

1. Select the part of the network to check, or select nothing to check the objects with pending edits.
2. Choose Capture > Data Integrity > Validate Network Integrity....
3. Read the result in the MunsysQ Integrity message.

Browsing integrity markers

Each problem is marked on the map by a point in the Integrity Errors layer. Capture > Data Integrity > Browse Integrity Markers... zooms to the markers and opens their attribute table, which lists for each marker the rule, the error code and message, the layer and object affected, and a description. Select a row and use Zoom map to the selected rows to go to it.

Erasing integrity markers

Capture > Data Integrity > Erase Integrity Markers asks for confirmation and then removes all the markers. Markers are never posted.

Posting drainage data to the database

1. Choose Capture > Post to Database.... The Post to Database dialog box lists each drainage layer with pending edits and the number of objects to be inserted, updated and deleted.
2. Check the totals and click Post.
3. The Post to Database Results dialog box shows what was posted, with a status and a message for each layer. Click Close.

After posting, the edit highlight is cleared, your locks on the posted objects are released, and the changes are visible to all users. Posting is described in full in the Concepts User Manual.

Chapter 5Maintaining drainage data

Once the pipes, culverts, channels and nodes have been placed, they must be joined correctly, with no overlaps or undershoots, and every object must have a node at each end. The Change menu provides the functions for this, and for changing levels and attributes.

When you change an existing object it is locked for you, and the change is a pending edit. Changed objects must pass the integrity check before they are posted.

Changing drainage objects

These functions work on stormwater pipes, culverts and channels.

To extend a drainage object to a boundary

1. Choose Change > Extend Drainage Object to Boundary.
2. Select the boundary object that the drainage object must extend to.
3. Select the drainage object near the end that must be extended.

To extend a drainage object by distance

A negative distance shortens the object.

1. Choose Change > Extend Drainage Object by Distance.
2. Select the object near the end to extend.
3. At Enter distance:, type the distance and press Enter.

To extend a drainage object and break another at the intersection

1. Choose Change > Extend and Break Drainage Object.
2. Select the object to be broken, then the object to extend.

To break a drainage object

1. Choose Change > Break Drainage Object.
2. Select the point on the object where it must be broken.

The object becomes two, as described under Inserting nearest nodes.

To change a drainage object

1. Choose Change > Change Drainage Object.
2. Select the object near the endpoint to move, then specify the new location of the endpoint.

To fillet drainage objects

1. Choose Change > Fillet Drainage Object.
2. Select the first object, then the second. They are connected at their projected intersection.

To trim a drainage object

1. Choose Change > Trim Drainage Object.
2. Select the cutting edge, then the part of the object that must be cut off.

To join drainage objects

Joins two objects of the same kind into one. The joined object keeps the attributes of the first object that you select; the second is marked for deletion. A gap between them is closed with a straight segment.

1. Choose Change > Join Drainage Object.
2. Select the first object, then the second close to the end that must be joined.

To change the vertices of a drainage object

Changing stormwater nodes

To move a node

1. Choose Change > Move Node.
2. Select the node, then specify its new insertion point.

To rotate a node

1. Choose Change > Rotate Node.
2. Select the node.
3. At Specify rotation angle or [Align to segment] <0>:, type the angle, pick it with two points, or type A and select a segment to align the node to.

To snap a node to the endpoint of a drainage object

1. Choose Change > Snap Node to Endpoint.
2. Select the node, then at Select drainage object to snap to: the object close to the endpoint that the node must snap to.

To snap a node to a drainage object, breaking the object

1. Choose Change > Snap Node and Break Drainage Object.
2. Select the node, then the object, then the point where the object must be broken. The node is snapped to the break.

To change a node type

Changes the type of one or more nodes. The symbol and the NODE_TYPE column are updated to the new type.

1. Choose Change > Change Node Type....
2. Select the nodes and press Enter. The Node Types dialog box is displayed.
3. Select the new type and click OK.

Updating levels between nodes and drainage objects

The levels of a node and of the pipes, culverts and channels connected to it are stored separately. The connection between them is the network connectivity, so changing one does not change the other: a node's depth is not updated when the invert level of a connected pipe changes, and a pipe's ground levels are not updated when the node's ground level changes. These functions bring them back in line, following the connectivity.

To update pipe levels from nodes

1. Choose Change > Update Levels > Node to Pipe.
2. At Select stormwater nodes..., select the nodes and press Enter. The command line reports how many pipes, channels and culverts were updated.

To update node levels from pipes

1. Choose Change > Update Levels > Pipe to Node.
2. At Select stormwater pipes/channels/culverts..., select the objects and press Enter. The command line reports how many nodes were updated.

To recalculate gradients

1. Choose Change > Update Levels > Recalculate Gradients.
2. At Select stormwater pipes/channels/culverts..., select the objects and press Enter. The command line reports how many were updated.

The updated objects are pending edits. Check their integrity and post them as for any other change.

Changing drainage attribute data

Editing drainage object attributes

Change > Edit Attributes... shows the attributes of the selected drainage objects of one type, for example culverts, in the columns Attribute, Value and Status. Attributes with a fixed list of values offer the list. Attributes that may not be changed are unavailable.

1. Choose Change > Edit Attributes....
2. At Select drainage objects:, select the objects and press Enter. If they are of different types, choose the type to edit.
3. To give all the selected objects the same value, select Edit multiple objects simultaneously. To edit them one by one, clear it and use the arrow buttons to move between objects; select AutoZoom to object to have the map follow.
4. Change the values and click OK.

The changes are pending edits until they pass the integrity check and are posted. Mandatory attributes must be completed, or the object fails the object integrity check.

Editing linked table attributes

Some information about drainage objects is kept in linked, non-spatial tables. Change > Edit Linked Table Attributes... lets you step through the linked records of an object, change them, and insert or delete records, depending on your privileges. Linked table changes are written to the database directly, so you can only select objects that have already been posted.

Changing drainage object attributes

Each function asks you to select the objects and press Enter, and then for the new value. Values chosen from a list can be searched by code or description; when one object is selected, its current value is highlighted. Values that are typed apply to all the selected objects.

Changing a service connection type

1. Choose Change > Change SC Type....
2. Select the service connections and press Enter.
3. Select the new type from the list and click OK.

Linking service connections to parcels and buildings

Links service connections to the parcels and buildings that they serve, so that the network can be traced to a property or building.

1. Choose Change > Link Service Connections.
2. Select the service connections and press Enter.

• If the end of a service connection lies inside a parcel, its PRCL_GID column is set to the GID of that parcel.
• If it also lies inside a building, its LINK_ID column is set to the GID of the building.

Changing drainage notes

1. Choose Change > Change Drainage Note....
2. At Select drainage note:, select the note. The Drainage Note box is displayed.
3. Change the text and click OK.

Adding comments

1. Choose Change > Add Comment....
2. At Select drainage object:, select the objects. The Drainage Comment box is displayed.
3. Type the comment and click OK. It is stored in the COMMENTS column of each selected object.

Deleting and undeleting drainage objects

A deletion is a pending edit: the objects are removed from the database when you post.

To delete drainage objects

1. Choose Change > Delete Drainage Object.
2. Select the drainage objects and press Enter. Objects that are not drainage objects are left out of the selection.

The objects are marked for deletion and shown in the DELETED group at the top of the Layers panel until you post.

To undelete drainage objects

1. Choose Change > Undelete Drainage Object. The objects marked for deletion are shown.
2. Select the objects to keep. They are no longer marked for deletion, and any changes made to them before they were deleted are kept.

Restoring a deleted object

Change > Restore Deleted Object brings back an object whose deletion has already been posted, from the archive that the database keeps of deleted objects. See the Concepts User Manual.

Chapter 6Converting drawing entities to drainage objects

Stormwater networks often exist as CAD drawings. After a drawing has been brought into QGIS with Import CAD/DWG, or geometry has been drawn on a construction layer, the Extras functions convert it to drainage objects. The procedure for imports and the Object Conversion dialog box are described in the Concepts User Manual.

Some basic attributes are set during conversion. Complete the remaining attributes, and the levels, afterwards; then check integrity and post as for captured objects.

Converting blocks to stormwater symbols

1. Choose Extras > Convert Block to > Stormwater Symbol....
2. Select the block references and press Enter.
3. In the Stormwater Symbols dialog box, select the symbol and click OK. One symbol is created for each block.

Converting blocks to stormwater nodes

1. Choose Extras > Convert Block to and the node type, for example Manhole.
2. Select the block references and press Enter. One node is created for each block.

Converting lines to drainage objects

1. Choose Extras > Convert Line to and Pipe, Culvert, Channel, Service Connection or River.
2. Select the lines and press Enter.

Converting text to tags and notes

1. Choose Extras > Convert Text to and River Tag, Floodline Tag, Dam Tag, Catchment Tag or Drainage Note.
2. Select the text and press Enter.

River and floodline tags can then be built into polygons with their boundary lines; see Generating river and floodline polygons.

Converting polygons to drainage objects

1. Choose Extras > Convert Polygon to and River, Floodline, Dam or Catchment.
2. Select the polygons and press Enter.

Appendix ADrainage menus

This appendix lists the Capture, Change and Extras menus of MunsysQ Drainage. Click a function to go to its description. Menus are stored in the database and can be tailored by an administrator, so the menus at your site may differ.

ReferenceGlossary

Catchment

The area from which rainfall drains into a river, reservoir or dam.

Channel

An open waterway that carries stormwater.

Culvert

A covered channel that carries stormwater below ground level.

Depth

The difference between the ground level and the invert level.

Drainage object

In this manual, a stormwater pipe, culvert or channel.

Drop inlet

An inlet level with the road surface, also called a grid inlet.

Endpoint node

A node placed at the end of a pipe, culvert or channel.

Floodline

A polygon showing the level to which water may rise on average, for example once in 20 or 50 years.

Gradient

The slope of a pipe, culvert or channel, calculated from its invert levels and length.

Ground level

The level of the ground at a node or at the end of a pipe.

Invert level

The level of the inside bottom of a pipe, culvert or channel.

Kerb inlet

An inlet at the side of the road. Also called a curb inlet.

Nearest node

A node inserted at a point along a pipe, culvert or channel, breaking it there.

Service connection (SC)

The connection between a parcel and the network.

Wingwall

A wall at the inlet or outlet of a channel or pipe that prevents soil erosion.

For the terms that all applications share, see the glossary of the Concepts User Manual.